Stereotypes And Stereotypes Of Gay Men Essay - 1181 Words

There are many stereotypes and false depictions that gravitate amongst different ethnicities, genders, and sexualities in television and film. We are all affected by this in positive and negative ways, there is no hiding from it. Although, what is one to do if they are constantly ridiculed because of who or what they are based on their own sexuality? Gay men are often seen in television shows and films as flamboyant and lesbian women are often seen to be this type of masculine-type female try to evolve herself as a man. These depictions can be true for some gay men and lesbian females, but certainly not all within the lesbian and gay communities. When a man identifies as gay, he is identifying himself and to others that he is attracted to males and because of this, it should not allow people to assume he is a flamboyant individual based on his sexual preference. When a woman identifies as a lesbian it should only change the fact that she has a preference for women, not her appearance . Where have these influences come from and how do they affect the gay community? Mainly focusing on gay males. We will explore television shows and films that reflect positive and negative representations of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transsexual community, the influences that caused these certain stereotypes and the effects of these stereotypes to the community itself. We can easily identify how family values, religion, and society influences external homophobia. Since these certain ethicsShow MoreRelatedHow Does Drag Affect Stereotypes About Gay Men And The Adventures Of Priscilla Queen Of The Desert1150 Words   |  5 Pagesemerged in the late 1900s, others claim that modern drag actually emerged following the Stonewall Riots. (Taylor and Rupp 2003). There is ample literature on drag queens and/or their performances. Many authors write about how drag reinforces stereotypes about gay men, how it can be misogynistic, and how it reifies the masculine/feminine, male/female, hetero/homosexual dichotomies. In contrast, some scholars assert that drag performances can break down dichotomies associated with gender, sex, and sexualityRead MoreThe Gay Of Being A Gay1321 Words   |  6 Pages Being Gay in America Being a gay person in America is not nearly as difficult as it once once. There was a time at one point where homosexuality in the US was treated as taboo as many other social subjects such as criminality. However, times, beliefs, and perspectives have changed in the general populous. In 1996, only 27% of Americans polled by Gallop showed a positive stance on gay marriage, and homosexuality in general. By May of 2015, this percentage was nearly reverse, with only 37% of theRead MoreCommon Stereotypes and Their Impact954 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Introduction A stereotype is in basic terms the generalization of certain groups of people based on either widely-held assumptions or characteristics/behaviors of small samples of the said groups. In this text, I identify three stereotypes I encounter in my daily life and the effect such stereotypes have on other people. The arguments that could be used to either support or discredit the said stereotypes will also be highlighted. Stereotypes Common Stereotypes and their Impact We all encounterRead MoreQueer As Folk : Over The Extent Of The United States848 Words   |  4 Pagesthe fight for equality for LGBTQI — that is, lesbian, gays, bisexual, transgender, questioning, and inter-sexual. The LGBTQ started its uprise in the ‘50s as homosexuals started to become more well known — not necessarily accepted, however — among society. The LGBTQI community has quickly progressed since the ‘50s and ‘60s, bringing along with it many social changes, transgressions, feelings of hate, misconceptions, and a plethora of stereotypes — changing society’s views on sex, marriage, love, andRead MoreHow Heteronormativity And Media Stereotypes On Queer People Express Their Sexualities1655 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: HOW HETERONORMATIVITY AND MEDIA STEREOTYPES IN SOCIETY INFLUENCES HOW QUEER PEOPLE EXPRESS THEIR SEXUALITIES How heteronormativity and media stereotypes influences how queer people express their sexualities Vanessa Gomes Ryerson University â€Å"Who is the man in the relationship?† â€Å"Who tops or bottoms?† These questions have become a fundamental part in queer people’s lives. Why do non queer people need for queer people and their relationships to imitate heternormativeRead MoreStereotypes And Stereotypes Of The Media1734 Words   |  7 Pagesdifficult to find different opinions as well as stereotypes. Stereotypes are found in the media every day and affect our opinion as well as how we perceive others. Stereotypes of the GLBT community in the media are most commonly found in movies or in TV shows but they rarely talk about their sexual identity. When their identity is being portrayed, it is shown with some form of stereotype. The identity of the homosexual seems to stem from a stereotype itself; sometimes as if the GLBT community hasRead MoreQueer Identity : Modern Family1460 Words   |  6 Pagesunconventional. Non-traditional or unconventional families include; single parenthood, singleho od and LGBT relationships. Modern family is a comedy exploring the different â€Å"modern† families. This show explores a huge unconventional family through a gay couple, made up of Mitchell and Cameron, and their adopted daughter Lily; a straight couple comprised of Phil and Clare, and their three children, Luke, Alex and Hayley; and a multicultural family which is comprised of Jay and his much younger wifeRead MoreGay Marriage Is an Illustration of the Society Diversifying and Negative Stereotypes Becoming Irrelevant1186 Words   |  5 PagesGAY MARRIAGE IS AN ILLUSTRATION OF SOCIETY DIVERSIFYING AND NEGATIVE STEREOTYPES BECOMING IRRELEVANT This essay attempts to analyze the idea of gay marriage and how this type of union can be seen or not as an illustration of social diversity, which can tend to the elimination of negative stereotypes to a point that they become irrelevant. This essay will approach the topic above mentioned, examining some of the arguments that people have given in order to support gay marriage and on the otherRead MoreStereotypes - A Hasty Generalization Essay example961 Words   |  4 PagesStereotypes are everywhere and can be about anyone. Generalized remarks about gender, sexual orientation, religion, ethnicity or age are common forms of stereotyping. Any time someone makes hasty groupings whether by race, gender or an individual and makes a blanket judgment about them is stereotyping. Military members are no different than society. One of the militarys greatest assets is its diverse workforce but with diversity comes stereotypes. As a woman in the military, I frequently encounterRead MoreThe Media Has Influenced The Thinking Of The American People1112 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican people (Hart, 3). It was not until the mid to late 1980’s that gays were beginning to gain access to TV shows. Before their debut onto te levision, however, there were a number of stereotypes going around on mass media and the world and much of it were derogatory terms or anti-gay jokes. In 1970, television began to partake in the stereotypes of homosexuals, but specifically towards gay men (Hart, 4). However, these stereotypes do not hold true for all homosexuals and as times move forward towards

My Literacy Autobiography Essay - 1608 Words

The story of my history as a writer is a very long one. My writing has come full circle. I have changed very much throughout the years, both as I grew older and as I discovered more aspects of my own personality. The growth that I see when I look back is incredible, and it all seems to revolve around my emotions. I have always been a very emotional girl who feels things keenly. All of my truly memorable writing, looking back, has come from experiences that struck a chord with my developing self. This assignment has opened my eyes, despite my initial difficulty in writing it. When I was asked to write down my earliest memory of writing, at first I drew a blank. All of a sudden, it became very clear to me, probably because it had some†¦show more content†¦I remember the fear that my first writing held. My mother did, in fact, see it and I was in more trouble than before. It was definitely not a wise choice on my part, but it certainly did provide a very colorful first memory o f writing! I have always loved to write, and it became even more evident when I entered elementary school. I quickly befriended a girl named Beth, who lived just down the road from me. One afternoon that I remember in particular was in the middle of the summer. She and I were set to write a book. We had read countless storybooks on our own, and we could not see why we could not write one too. We sat down with a notebook and two pencils, and we were set to go. Beth and I took turns writing. I remember only being able to write about a half of a page before my hand would begin to hurt. We must have worked on it for about four hours, and then we were done with our masterpiece. Beth and I both thought that our book was by far the best we had ever read. We were sure we were the most ingenious children alive. The end result of our story was not so pleasant, however. We decided to read our story to my younger sister Kari, to gain her opinion on our brilliance. Kari hated the story. She became bored very quickly and found something else to do. Beth and I were crushed. However, we were determined to try again some day, and we did. We wrote countless storiesShow MoreRelatedThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass941 Words   |  4 PagesIn his autobiography, The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, Frederick Douglass describes in detail the hardships and unjust acts that were imposed upon African American slaves. In the narrativ e, Douglass communicates that reading and writing are the fundamental keys to obtaining freedom, understanding, and becoming self-aware. Most slaves were illiterate and had limited knowledge of the injustices that they faced. Douglass’ intelligence was significant due to the fact that he realizedRead MoreBeing Raised As Slaves By Harriet Jacobs And Frederick Douglass953 Words   |  4 Pagesrealizing their status as slaves at about the same age; Douglass and Jacobs’s feelings are different, for example, looking at the beginning of Jacobs’s autobiography, it is evident that she extremely filled with grief and sadness about losing her mother: â€Å"I grieved for her, and my young mind was troubled with the thought who would now take care of me and my little brother.† (Baym, Nina, and Robert 923). Jacobs soon after the death of her mother was given into the hands of her grandmother, Aunt Marthy.Read MoreLiteracy : An Important Skills For A Child1339 Words à ‚  |  6 Pages9:30- 10:45 Literacy Autobiography Literacy is one of the most important skills for a child to learn and acquire. The ability to read and write is needed in most people s daily life, which is why it is so important for a child to learn these skills while they are young. Everyone s literacy journeys are a little different, but here is my literacy journey. All throughout my life literacy has played a huge role in my life, even when I didn t notice it. During my early literacy years, oneRead MoreReflection Paper About Literacy1154 Words   |  5 PagesHen, and I vividly remember sitting at the kitchen table with my grandmother going over my lines. Being only five at the time, receiving the lead role was a huge achievement, and even though it seemed like such an important part of my life, I only remember one segment of a line: â€Å"...cut the wheat†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Although preschool built the foundation of my road to literacy, to reach the reader and writer I am today I had to work hard throughout my academic career, mainly in elementary, middle, and high schoolRead MoreEssay about Frederick Douglass: The Story of Slaves by a Slave1063 Words   |  5 Pagestypical slave environment. However, Douglass taught himself to read and eventually escaped the desolate life of a slave. After his freedom, Douglass wrote his autobiography, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, which chronicled his life story. In his book, Dougla ss details his slave upbringing and how it affected him. His autobiography was incredibly comprehensive which is one reason why it was accepted to be accurate. In addition, Douglasss life story furthered the abolitionist cause. Read MoreThe Autobiography Of Harkhuf By Miriam Lichtheim965 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"The Autobiography of Harkhuf† Reveals Egyptian Civilization The â€Å"Autobiography of Harkhuf† is a primary source from the collection of readings, Ancient Egyptian Literature A Book of Readings, by Miriam Lichtheim. Essentially it is the obituary of an Old Kingdom official, Harkhuf, who lived during Egypt’s Sixth Dynasty (Lichtheim). The obituary was found carved onto the facade of a tomb in Aswan, with fifty-eight lines inscribed to describe the Harkhuf’s milestones. Harkhuf was an Elephantine nativeRead MoreThe Power and Paradox of Literacy1810 Words   |  8 PagesA Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass The Power and Paradox of Literacy The â€Å"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass† has been regarded by many as one of the most influential slave narratives in American history. This colorful autobiography has and will forever situate Douglass at the forefront of the American abolitionist movement. Many scholars involved in the study of African American history, including James Matlack, a writer for the Atlanta Review of Race and Culture assert thatRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Rhetorical Analysis1050 Words   |  5 Pagesof slavery which once existed here. Slaves lived lives of pain and hardship. But some, like the slave and later abolitionist Frederick Douglass, rose up from the tribulations of slavery and led the way for progress and change in America. In his autobiography â€Å"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass†, Douglass tells his inspiring yet harrowing story of his life as a slave in Maryland and his escape to freedom in New York and later Massachusetts, w here he eventually became an abolitionist. DouglassRead MoreThe Search For Happiness By Benjamin Franklin And Jonathan Edwards1616 Words   |  7 Pageshis newfound happiness in God’s grace. He also discusses his progress and devotion to God. At a younger age, Edwards questioned Gods Sovereignty and his nonbelief in predestination led him to further ask how could one man decide another mans faith? â€Å"my mind had been wont to be full of objects against the doctrine of God’s sovereignty, in choosing whom He would to eternal life and rejecting whom he pleased; leaving them eternally to perish, and be everlasting tormented in hell† (180). Edwards and AnneRead MoreThe Mono Tale Of The Hero s Journey1549 Words   |  7 PagesA Story within a Story In our current society, literacy is defined as the ability to read and write. Though this is a common trait among individuals in our society, it is one that I view unique to every individual who had the opportunity to obtain it. I will retell my literacy journey in a way that encompasses one of my favorite theories in writing, the mono-tale of the Hero’s Journey by Joseph Campbell. This theory states that the Hero’s journey is a pattern in a narrative that forms the basic template

Emotional Branding free essay sample

The world nowadays have moved from an industrially driven economy in which firms rely on existing equipment towards a consumer based economy where more and more firms are focusing on its connection to consumers. In this hypercompetitive marketplace where goods or services alone are no longer enough to attract a new market or even to maintain existing markets or client. Only this goods or service that has emotional aspect can influence consumers’ ultimate choice and the price they will pay. Just like Klein(2002)said the product that will flourish in the future will be the ones presented not as ‘commodities’ but as concepts;the brand as experience,as lifestyle. One of the most important techniques to create emotional aspect is to create brand value through media. As the development of the new media the influence of brand in consumer culture has increased worldwide,not only in terms of their behaviour but changes of their psychology. We will write a custom essay sample on Emotional Branding or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This essay focus on the effect of the brand on consumer culture. 1 trust and loyalty Brand can be created through media to achieve consumer’s trust in the absence of the formal relationship between consumers and producers. The reason why the brand can generally created though media is that people can recall some of the product information from it which will in return generate positive effect on purchasing goods. In general,brand awareness let products seems much more valuable and more likely to create loyalty between customers. For instance,a survey investigated by economists in America showing that nostalgia, plays an important role in consumers relationships with a particular brand. Some 36% of respondents indicated that they currently use a particular product because their family had used it for a long time(Lake,L,2009,website)Through the keen brand competition,consumers have more opportunities to know details about products through various ways such as internet,TV,newspapers and radio as their companies try to marketed their products and make a good impression in people’s mind and they can always find what is the most suitable goods for them as the development of technology in media. 2 quality of goods Brand can assert qualitative distinctions in the form of brand image and values. ‘Brand value is the present value of predictable future earnings generated by the brand. ’(Arvidsson 2005) The quality for products can be increased as companies realize that quality is brand’s life. Qualify for the right price is a given today as it is a necessary offering if companies want to stay in business. More seriously,if companies use brand to create an association in consumers’ mind that premium prices mean higher quality and exclusiveness,then they can engage prestige pricing strategy. For example,designer jeans and sports apparel sold in stores are often four times the price of mass market jeans and shirt(because of their well-known brand),but the quality is rarely four times as high. As a result,brand can generate negative effect in terms of price to a great extent. This is related to the use value and exchange value. Use-value is the needs the goods satisfy for the consumer while Exchange-value is what you can sell it for on the market. Exchange value gained as commodities draw cultural associations and meanings that consumers desire. Nowadays Exchange-value is dominant in influence consumers’ choice so that more and more use advertising to manipulate human needs and emotions to generate their own exchange-value. Nowadays firms not only try to create emotional branding for their products but also try to build preference for their goods that can make their goods staying in preferential status. 3 meaning and personality Producers make effort to make their brand a lived reality by branding culture for they think consumers are believed to be more concerned with finding meaning in their lives. For instance,British marketing expert John Grant suggests that the aim of ‘the new marketing’ is to seek to fill the ‘great gaps of meaning that exist in people’s lives’ and to propose brands as ‘ideas that people can live by’. So the brand in return embodies the control of price and increased demand for goods. In other words,brand had the potential that can create ‘product differentiation’ compared to their rival’s in customer’s mind even they have the same function. This enable customer to buy one product rather than the other. For consumer,brands and brands values are a way to ‘feel’ the product as a part of their own personalities’. Consumer decide to purchase one product rather than another partly because it can represent them as a certain model. Just imagine you prefer using all Apple products,others would think that you are the one who are more likely to follow the fashion as well as interested in new technology. In this respective, the young are more likely to spend money on a product which is not necessary to them, especially there are huge number of advertisement on that product which cater to the ‘needs’ of them. These needs can be vanity or material desire. Klein said â€Å"brand X is not a product but a way of life,an attitude,a set of values,a look,an idea. †(2000) 3 quality of life Most importantly,the biggest misconception in branding strategies is the belief that branding is about market share when it is really always about â€Å"mind and emotions share. †Today,people seek and redefine for themselves the quality level of their life. The increasingly important â€Å"quality of life†concept of hassle-free shopping,time management,stress reduction,connectivity,and heightened pleasure will profoundly affect consumer’s overall receptivity to new product. In conclusion,the emergence of brand is the most convenient way for consumers to distinguish the commodities sold by one companies from others. Followed by the rapid development of media, the role of brand are deeply filtering into people’s minds which will bring significant impact on their behavior and phycology. Brand can be seen as a double-edged sword for consumers which has both good and bad implication. It is good in terms of higher quality and more choice for consumers to choose. It is bad as regard of the higher price and the control of consumers’ awareness.

Coffee Vending Machine Different Places †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Coffee Vending Machine Different Places Answer: Introducation Coffee is considered to be a beverage that refreshes the mind and is also loved by many. There are coffee vending machines that are set up in a number of different places to allow the users to enjoy coffee as and when they like. There are several options and choices that are offered by these machines that shall function correctly (Gulledge, 2002). Testing of the machine is an important aspect that shall be covered. The report covers the details on the business and IT goals that are associated with the scenario of the coffee vending machine (Seethamraju, 2012). Business and IT Goals The test scenarios that have been provided for the coffee vending machine focus on the various functional and non-functional aspects that are associated with it. The functionalities include the features of the machines in terms of the options and choices. The testing scenarios have been designed in order to ensure and validate that the machine functions correctly to offer best quality service to the customers (Henderson, 2004). The same applies to any of the business as it is important for the business processes to function in such a manner that the quality of services is maintained all throughout (Mallery, 2011). Apart from the functional aspects and requirements, there are various non-functional aspects and system qualities that are aimed to be fulfilled by the business and IT processes in terms of availability, reliability, performance, usability and likewise (Mohapatra and Patnaik, 2011). The same can be seen the test scenarios that have been listed for the coffee vending machine. It is necessary for a machine like this or a business or an IT process to be designed and implemented in such a manner that it offers the non-functional qualities as listed above. The continuity of the operations along with their validity is also extremely significant (Yang and Tamir, 2015) Stage 1 model Stage 2 model Stage 3 model References Gulledge, T. (2002). Business process management: public sector implications. Business Process Management Journal, 8(4), pp.364-376. Henderson, L. (2004). Encoding and decoding communication competencies in project management ? an exploratory study. International Journal of Project Management, 22(6), pp.469-476. Mallery, M. (2011). Project Management Portal (PMP) from the University of Washington Information Technology Wiki - https://wiki.cac.washington.edu/display/pmportal/Project+Management+Portal. Technical Services Quarterly, 28(3), pp.365-367. Mohapatra, S. and Patnaik, A. (2011). Sustainability in HRIS implementation through effective project management. International Journal of Project Organisation and Management, 3(1), p.78. Seethamraju, R. (2012). Business process management: a missing link in business education. Business Process Management Journal, 18(3), pp.532-547. Yang, Y. and Tamir, G. (2015). Offshore software project management: mapping project success factors. International Journal of Project Organisation and Management, 7(2), p.111.

MacDonalds Corp Analysis

A by John Updike Essays

A by John Updike Essays A by John Updike Paper A by John Updike Paper Hes very conversational and readers get the impression that hes a greased-up wise guy with an elbow on the jukebox and a toothpick in his mouth. This lackadaisical nature fully encapsulates who Sammy truly is. Update first shows this casual tone in his first two sentences, writing, In walks these three girls in nothing but bathing suits. Im in the third check-out slot, with my back to the door, so dont see them until theyre over by the bread, (Update). Update doesnt sound, in this instance, like a stuffy, eloquent Harvard grad writing a serious piece to serious-minded readers. He sounds like a guy telling a story about girls to his friend over a couple of beers. He consciously employs this tone in order to strike an appropriate chord with his audience. Update wants his readers to realize that Sammy is a cool, easygoing, nonchalant guy who doesnt belong cooped up in some hot grocery store on a summer afternoon. He belongs at the beach, with his friends, hanging out in the sun and just enjoying himself. Thats all he yearns for, and this casual tone really brings that home to readers. It is quite apparent from this casual tone that Sammy wants freedom, and his jealousy towards these girls inspires him to take action to bring this goal to fruition. Similarly, Update uses cavalier diction in a manner that compliments and highlights the casual tone. Sammy is not a polished gentleman, by any trench. In a pretty blatantly sexist fashion, he describes one of the girls he sees in a bathing suit: She was a chunky kid, with a good tan and a sweet broad soft-looking can with those two crescents of white just under it, where the sun never seems to hit, at the top Of the backs Of her legs, (Update). With these remarks Update gives away that Sammy is nothing but an ignorant buffoon, an imbecile, who most likely acts on impulse and innate instinct. He isnt Voltaire. All he wants, in a small-minded sort of way, is to just be free of the same, monotonous, routine he goes through working at this AP, and sees clearly jealous of those who have gotten what he wants. Again, Updates use of this cavalier, brusque diction is actually quite calculated and serves a great purpose in the long run of this story. Update indicates that Sammy diction proves that, like a primate, he doesnt think things through and only acts on instinct. Like a child who only wants the toy he is told cant have, he is jealous of these girls who waltz into the grocery store, totally liberated. Update demonstrates again that Sammy is entranced by the bikini-clad girls, but again through offhand diction: l increase the bill, tenderly as you may imagine, it just having come from between the two smoothest scoops of vanilla had ever known were there, (Update). However, Update brings this story full circle by showing that Sammy abrupt quitting of his job was a mistake: Sammy is technically free, sure, but it is a decision he instantly regrets as he finds he is also free to fail. He laments his decision and in the last sentence of this short story, Update writes, His face was dark gray and his back stiff, as if hed just had an injection of iron, and my stomach kind Of fell as felt how hard the world was going to be to me hereafter, (Update). Sammy immediately realizes that the grass is not greener on the other side, and that acting on his jealousy and impulse has led him astray. The thought of freedom, freedom from that AP prison, is ministering, but he sees the negative effects of his actions. Update gives his audience some insight into Sammy thought process through the use of his ironically cavalier, unceremonious diction: Sammy is not wise and has no right to be haughty or crass: he is simply a fool. Through the use of another literary device, symbolism, Spike expresses Sammy innate human jealousy. The bathing suit worn by these girls are a symbol for freedom. Sammy remarks on how out-of-place these bathing suits are: Our town is five miles from a beach, with a big summer colony out on the Point, but were right in the middle of town, and the women generally put on a shirt or shorts or something before they get out of the car into the street Lets not as if were on the Cape; were north of Boston and theres people in this town havent seen the ocean for twenty years, (Update). These girls are five whole miles from the nearest beach. Its not as if they just walked over to the deli right across the street. Even then, it is only customary to cover up a little bit.

South And East Asia - Environment And Society Essay

South And East Asia - Environment And Society - Essay Example The people belonging to the Austronesian family who originated from the southern part of China and Taiwan began to move into the islands of South and East Asia around four thousand years ago. The original inhabitants were either displaced or absorbed by the wave of migrations. Nearly all the languages that are being spoken in the insular South and East Asia belong to the Austronesian family group. Cultural variations began to affect the regions as a result of increased influences from the expansion of the South by the Chinese controlled regions leading to the colonization of Vietnam. The Buddhism and Taoism arrived in the region of Vietnam from China resulting in a remarkable cultural influence. The expansion of trade across the Bay of Bengal resulted in increasing Indian influences that were well represented in large populations where the people were deeply involved in rice growing activities that were being supported by irrigation. These were seen in regions such as Vietnam, Cambod ia, Myanmar, and Java. The aspects of local societies were linked up with the various forms of Buddhism and Hinduism to form part of the laws that government leadership and court systems. The variations in the environmental conditions greatly affected the political structures of the region. In cases where the people were mainly nomadic or semi-nomadic, it was a major challenge to be able to come up with a proper means of governance that were to be marked by reliable tax systems as well as stable bureaucratic approaches.

How does the Rule of St. Benedict schedule reflect the medieval world Essay

How does the Rule of St. Benedict schedule reflect the medieval world - Essay Example The medieval worldview revolved around a sense of community rather than individualism. Society was divided into three divisions: those who pray, those who work, and those who fight. These different groups of people had to work together to meet the community’s needs. The values of the medieval world reflected a focus on eternity rather than mortality, an economic structure that privileged land and traditions, and a focus on the community rather than the individual. Monasticism (from Greek ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ±Ãâ€¡ÃÅ'Ï‚, monachos, derived from Greek monos, alone) is a religious way of life characterized by the practice of renouncing worldly pursuits to fully devote oneself to spiritual work (Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia). Monks would live in communities and live a life characterized by celibacy, poverty, and obedience. Monks would move into secluded areas, separating themselves from society in order to live as monks under the authority of an abbot. A monk’s daily life was divided into three parts: holy work, holy study, and holy prayer. Monks followed a very strict and rigorous schedule and were expected to do exactly as they were told without any hesitation, delay, grumbling, or complaint (St. Benedict of Nursia 3-4). Everyone living within the community would work together for one common purpose and goal. They all would do holy work, holy prayer, and holy study. Each individual in the monastery had to fulfill his orders and be obedient to make sure the community needs were met. The main value emphasized by monasticism was the priority of the community before the individual. All members of the community must work together to meet a common purpose as heirs of the kingdom of heaven. Monasticism deemphasizes the individual. All members of the religion share the common goal of dwelling in the tabernacle, so they must grow in religious life and faith. They shall learn to follow God’s commandments

Media Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Media - Assignment Example Steve Forbes is a well-respected president and CEO of Forbes magazine, a business journal that is highly regarded in the business sector. He was also a Republican candidate in 1996 and 2000, putting forth such conservative ideas as the flat tax, a rehaul of Social Security, school choice and a strong national defense. (Forbes.com). While I respect Mr. Forbes, in that he is very accomplished and obviously very learned, I do not agree with his fundamental values, as I consider myself to be more of a Democrat than a Republican. That said, there is no denying that Mr. Forbes is a well-respected man within his field. However, because I do not agree with him on his fundamental values, it is difficult to not have a jaundiced eye on his editorials. Then, after reading just a few paragraphs, my eye was jaundiced to him even more – he derisively quotes Robert Reich in his article â€Å"Isnt Capitalism Brutal?†, stating that Reich, expressing the view that Wal-Mart crushes retailers, â€Å"complained that the retailing giant has turned main streets into ghost towns by sucking business away from small retailers." (Forbes, 2009). Then, I actually found the article to which he was speaking, and it turns out that Robert Reich did state the above quote, but that he was stating that this is what Wal-Mart detractors say about Wal-Mart. The article actually defends Wal-Marts practices overall. (Reich, 2005). In other words, Forbes took Reichs words completely out of context. If you read Forbes article, you would assume that Reich actually believes that Wal-Mart is bad and turns towns into ghost towns, but when you read the actual article, you realize that Reich is stating just the opposite. I am not sure why Forbes did thi s – Reich was labor secretary from 1993 to 1997 - in other words, he was President Clintons labor secretary - and he did

The Business Event Management

The Business Event Management Welcome to the future of Music Event Management. We help in organizing our different Music events with affordable festival. We plan our events base on the purpose of music like music festival. Our music event management services include a complete process of budgeting, event dates, selecting and reserving the event venue, coordinating transportation and parking, developing a theme or motive for the event, arrangement of speakers, decoration of site, catering services, event support and security. We along with our expert teams sit down and make decisions for the betterment of our clients and try to provide an excellent service according to the customers demands. 1.0 Introduction Today, events are central perhaps never before. Increased leisure time and discretionary spending have led to proliferation of public events, celebration and entertainment. Governments now support and promote events as well as parts of their strategies for economic development, nation building and destination marketing. Corporation and business embrace events as key elements in their marketing strategies and image promotion. The enthusiasm of community groups and individuals for their own interest and passion gives rise to a marvelous array of events on almost every subject and theme imaginable. Events spill out of newspapers and television screens, occupy much of our time and enrich our lives. Source: Special eventsGreat Britain-Management,  Elsevier/Butterworth Heinemann. 2006. 1.1 Define of Event Management Event management is the process by which an event is planned, prepared, and produced. As with any other form of management, it encompasses the assessment, definition, acquisition, allocation, direction, control, and analysis of time, finances, people, products, services, and other resources to achieve objectives. An event managers job is to oversee and arrange every aspect of an event, including researching, planning, organizing, implementing, controlling, and evaluating an events design, activities, and production. The festival was traditionally a time of celebration and recuperation which often followed a period of hard psychical labor, showing or harvesting of crops, for example. The essential feature of these festivals was the celebration or reaffirmation of community or culture. The artistic content of such events was variable and many had religious or ritualistic aspects, but music dance and drama was important feature of the celebration. Source: (The policy of study institute 1992) 2.0 Importance of Planning and administering in event management Event planners design, organize and coordinate conventions, conferences, corporate meetings, exhibitions, etc. In fact, there are thousands of events of every scale that need an event planners services. Somebody is always needed to oversee all the details and to ensure that the event happens, successfully. Event planners are responsible for every aspect, from marketing, catering, signage, displays, translation, audio-visual equipment, printing and security. They also take care of participants accommodations and transport. They are responsible for the financial side: setting and monitoring the overall budget for the venture. Political and Union events. Conferences and conventions. Trade shows. Company socials. Meetings. New product launches. Charity fundraisers. Grand openings. Festivals. Parties. Event management and planning is a career that offers excitement and a degree of glamour in return for hard work, a large amount of energy and flexibility, and a high level of organizational and logistical skills. 3.0 The Role of Music Festival Manager An event management professional is responsible for almost every aspect of event, from planning an event to the execution or conducting the event. An event management professional has to take care many operations and processes to organize an event and make it successful which generally include Planning the event, Venue selection for the event, Logistics, Design, Decoration, Negotiation, Media planning, Budgeting for the event, Marketing the event, Ticket sales, Customer service, Managing people, Catering, Hospitality, Time management and Problem solving. The Music Event Manager is the one essential position for any event committee organizing an event. The Music Event Manager is responsible for: à ¢-  The smooth running and coordination of the event. à ¢-  The inclusive and welcoming nature of the event for all. à ¢-  Ensuring that the event complies with all relevant Federal and State laws and local government policies and regulations. à ¢-  Ensuring that all forms are filled out and details lodged with the relevant authority. à ¢-  Ensuring that appropriate permission is received before the event goes ahead. à ¢-  Recording details of invitees and attendees. à ¢-  Ensuring that thank yours are sent to those who have helped in arranging or sponsoring à ¢-  The event and to any special guests. à ¢-  Advertising the event. à ¢-  Budget forecasting and financial control. Event Planning Role of Music event manager starts with planning the event. Event manager has to sit with client to plant the event, in which an event manager comes to know the purpose of the event, type of event, number of attendees, facilities required for the event and the timeline of the event. Budgeting Budgeting immediately comes after the planning of event. Every client has his own budget for the event. A Music event manager has to plan and organize the event within the budget. Every activity after planning the event will depend on clients budget, whether it is venue, food, decoration and gifts or any other part of the event. Venue Selection for the event Once the purpose of event, number of attendees, required facilities and timeline of the event decided, then the venue selection and venue booking comes in the focus. Every venue is not suitable for all kinds of events. Venue selection depends on purpose of event or type of event (i.e. venue for wedding could not same as for the venue of brand promotion or product launch), number of attendees and many other criteria. Good venue selection makes a deep impact on event. Logistics Administering the logistics for an event means planning, booking, outsourcing and monitoring many parts of the event with the help of team. Decoration, kind of furniture required, number of general furniture items (i.e. chairs for attendees), number of special furniture items (i.e. podium for speaker), water, electricity, sound, light, photography and video, menu planning, catering services, lodging and transportation of special guests or chief guests of the event, selection and packaging of return gifts (in many events) and many other activities are included in administering the logistics for an event. Many times, the client preferred theme party. In this case, a Music event manager has to arrange and monitor some additional logistics. Advertising and Media Planning Advertising and media planning are required for many social events (i.e. musical night of renowned singer) and corporate events (i.e. product launch). For many other events, ticket selling is also required (i.e. sports events, movie premiers). A Music event manager has to plan and execute all these activities also. 4.0 Why an action plan is necessary for music festival This stage is to start formulating a Music Action Plan. To be clear, the Music Action Plan is a live management tool that details key project milestones and activity against a timeline it should be continually reviewed and updated as the music planning and operations progress. The music Plan, on the other hand, is a strategic vision and planning document which outlines the event objectives, states the business case and gives financial projections and information over a given time period (often 3-5 years). The Music Plan should be reviewed at key stages as agreed by event partners (most likely at the beginning of each planning stage). It is important to commit our thoughts to paper. This is essential in order to help our understand and share what has to be done, when and by whom. Its also a requirement if we are looking to convince others to invest in our event. Putting together the Music Event Action Plan is a straightforward task that involves listing key activities against a timeline and stating who will be responsible for delivering each element. Critically, it will help us to ensure we have enough time to complete all necessary tasks and help all involved understand their responsibilities. Key activities listed in our Music Event Action Plan may include: > Writing/updating the Music Plan > Identifying event partners and supporters > Recruitment and training > Fundraising activity and deadlines > Budgeting milestones > Key meetings i.e. steering group or sub-committee meetings > Confirming venue(s) > Booking or commissioning program elements > Pre-production/production milestones > Implementing the Marketing Strategy > Live event > Monitoring, evaluation reporting . Use team meetings to update the plan and then make sure that all revisions are circulated to those who are working from the plan. Depending on the size and complexity of our event, we may have separate, more detailed Action Plans for different work areas or departments. For example, we may have one for marketing, one for production, one for fundraising, etc. Its a useful approach to be able to show the entire activity timeline and also to be able to break it down into departments. We may have project management software to help put us together our plan, but if not, a simple activity/month table is useful. Below is a basic template that we could easily replicate in Microsoft Word or similar packages. We have included some sample entries to get us started. As appropriate, we can expand our Action Plan by providing the necessary detail. The point is that it has got to work for us and our event. This chart may be identified why is it necessary for our event. Development of Music concept or event bid Feasibility Study Cost and benefit of events Events resource and infrastructure requirements Decision to chease Decision to proceed with new event Established of organization structure Conduct situation of analysis Creation of control system Development of evaluation of feedback process Source adapted from Getz (2005) Techniques that can be used to monitor progress in music festival The Event Managers role includes ensuring that the music event runs smoothly. A key role is to communicate with all officials and volunteers to ensure that their tasks are being carried out. Always check off the time-line of tasks and duties before and during the event. As tasks are interrelated, it is essential that they are completed in the time planned so as to keep the whole process on track. It is the Music Event managers responsibility to ensure this is done. It is good practice to set regular meeting dates and times for the various individuals and subcommittees to report. Keep minutes and records of all meetings and follow-up on tasks between meetings. These records will be used for monitoring and coordination as well as for the final evaluation, event reporting and input to planning for future music events. Computer programs or work flow charts for project planning and management are also useful for music event monitoring and record keeping. Continuous monitoring is essential for successful events and provides early warning if things begin to deviate from the plan. The earlier any deviations are noticed, the greater the chance of dealing with the situation before major reorganization is required. The more slack time between critical tasks, the more options for adjustment. If the plan needs adjusting because of over-runs of time or resources, the main options open to the Event Manager and the event committee are to: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ find additional resources (eg recruit additional volunteers or seek more funds) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ reassign resources to shorten critical tasks (eg move volunteers or finance from one task area to another) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ reduce costs and/or reschedule key tasks (eg drop non-critical tasks or move non-critical tasks to another time). 5.0 The importance of monitoring or evaluating each stage of planning cycle in music festival The music planning process is an ongoing cycle that incorporates a series of different stages. The outcomes of one stage may change the next stage of the plan. One way of thinking about the stages involved in the planning cycle is: Assessing the context- What need to be done? Detailed planning-who, what, where Monitoring and evaluation Agreeing the outcomes What difference do we want to make Agreeing action How will we go about making difference Setting indicators how we will know we made a difference Each stage feeds into the next, making planning an ongoing activity which is closely linked to evaluation. Planning with communities needs to build upon where the community is now, taking time to identify strengths, opportunities and priorities, and it needs to go at a pace that suits the community. Sometimes earlier stages of the planning cycle will need to be revisited and adapted based on the changing context. 6.0 The importance of time management in music festival Time is one of the most important factors in life. Once time goes it never comes again. Once a thing is done it is done it cannot be changes. One cant go into the history nor change it. Time is as important as money one should spend it carefully. Here are some of the reasons why time management is so important for music festival. 1 Time is limited Time is limited one cannot store or save time. In during the period everything is to finish in music festival. 2. Too many things to do Time is limited but the things to be done are many. One need to maintain a proper schedule and choose the right time for the right activity. Time management helps to choose the things to be done. Time management helps to manage more time to do the things which are more valuable and important to do in music festival. 3. Time management helps to finish the different task in less amount of time- Time management allows to allot good amount of time to different things and get the different things done. By using time management one can plan and organise his activities properly in music festival. 4. Make us conscious about time Time management makes us conscious of the time we have and the different things we have to do in the available time. By being conscious about the available time one used the time more carefully in music festival. 5. Change music festival activities Time management changes music festival activities. People like different music to different symphony by time management. Now music festival has arranged all in one activities. Time management is very important in music festival because all the festival activities has to finish during the festival period. 7.0 Methods Used to Evaluate Success of Music Festival Radio advertising should be predominant for the repositioning- our target audience are large radio listeners, and respond well to this media. Internet the target audience very technologically aware and a viral e-mail campaign with a well developed, interactive, website is essential to increase awareness. In addition we should have a campaign through printed media- there are many specialist magazine aim at the target audience and we should use these to promote sales. (See below) Music festival Manager such as posters should also be used and Sales promotion Sponsorship and PR 8.0 Conclusion Manager is there to work in event. It is all about planning, planning and more planning. It is more significance on the company festival manager. It is necessary to change new horizon of music festival. Because people needs new quality of music festival. We can say for arranging any company follow our music festival and also important to develop organizer activities. This is important for company festival manager to change new horizon and creativity in new path of organization. An event manger organizes all the festival activities and preparing event atmosphere in his decision.

Capital Punishment Essay: Christians and Capital Punishment

Christians and the Capital Punishment    The restoration of the death penalty by the Supreme Court prompted statements of opposition by some Christians around the country. This essay reflects on these statements and draws the conclusion of their suitability and correctness in light of our Christian heritage and other secular, practical reasons.    These statements acknowledge that Christians of equally serious moral concern can and do disagree on the issue of capital punishment. We must honor the personal freedom in Christ for different people to exercise moral discernment and come to different conclusions on this issue. Still, many Christians feel compelled to bear witness to our views and ask the people of America to give us heed.    The death penalty might be justified as the lesser of two evils if it could be shown conclusively that, by inhibiting violent crime, it served as a significant protection to society. However, the weight of sociological research strongly suggests the reverse - that lawful violence may actually encourage criminal violence. Since the sociology of... ... Its actual use in our state demeans us all. It reduces our shared dignity as human persons and violates our professed respect for human life.    That there should be punishment of crime, we hold to be self-evident. That the punishment should fit both the crime and the criminal we hold to be the steadfast aim of our courts of law. If the law of the land should mature to the point of forbidding the retaliatory violence of punishing crime by killing the criminal, we would hold this to be a triumph of God's redemptive sovereignty in human affairs.

“Hard Lives” in College

Justifying â€Å"Hard Lives† in College In the article â€Å"The Myth of Inferiority†, the author, Allan Culpepper, talks about people’s point of views about community college students. Unlike most universities or colleges, community college students are older, first generation students, work multiple jobs, and/or have to take care of dependents. Financial stability is the main issue community college students face. Yes, they do have â€Å"hard lives†, but does that justify for excessive absences, rewrite opportunities, and late papers? Hard lives† do not justify excessive absences; however, they do justify rewrite opportunities and late papers. â€Å"Hard lives† do not justify excessive absences simply because they will get too far behind and miss an excessive amount of notes. Along with Mr. Culpepper, â€Å"I have also found students who manage to complete a full load of classes successfully while working three jobs, caring for elderly, and coping with chronic illness†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (330). As in most universities or colleges, these students are already given a certain amount of days for absences.In most cases, six absences are allowed for the semester which is two and half weeks of class. If the students save these absences for emergencies, six absences are more than enough for one semester. Rewrite opportunities are justifiable for students having â€Å"hard lives†. Unlike students who have plenty of time to write papers, some students have long, late work hours. Therefore, these students are not capable of writing their papers to their full potential. Another reason it is justifiable is because some of them have dependents they need to take care of.This makes it hard to find time throughout the day to write their papers. Then again, Mr. Culpepper said, â€Å"many students choose community college for a variety of good reasons such as cost†¦ and flexible schedule† (330). With flexible schedule they do not have an excuse. Bringing in late papers is justifiable for students with â€Å"hard lives† to some extent. Unless students plan to be â€Å"sick†, they never know when they are going to actually be ill. Also, most community students have multiple jobs working many late hours.Since financial stability is their number one priority, they may need to work a double on school days; especially if they are low on financial income. This means they would not be able to go to class and turn in their papers on time. Under these circumstances, there should be an excuse to turn in late papers. â€Å"Student will be students, wherever they are. † (303). However, there should be a limit on the number of late papers you are able to turn in and the consequence of point deduction after so many days.There should be no excuse for excessive absences; however, there should be reasonable understanding for certain situations that are justifiable for rewrite opportunities and late papers. Agreeing with Mr. Culpepper, community college students should receive the same expectations as universities and private colleges. Mr. Culpepper said it best, â€Å"I have learned to maintain a high standard, expect students to meet them, and do whatever I can to help students meet those expectations† (331).Works Cited Culpepper, T. Allen. â€Å"The Myth of Inferiority. † The Norton Mix. Ed. Judy Sieg. New York: Norton, 2012. 327-332.

Elizabethan Weddings Essays

Elizabethan Weddings Essays Elizabethan Weddings Paper Elizabethan Weddings Paper Elizabethan weddings were a business arrangement, based mainly on strengthening social position. Many of the wedding customs used now originated during the Elizabethan period. In Elizabethan times a woman, if at all, had very little say in whom she was married to. Often the bride and groom would not meet until their wedding day. Elizabethan weddings were almost opposite compared to now. Elizabethan weddings were mainly used to strengthen social position. They were generally a business and brides did not get to choose who they were married to. They are quite different compared to now and were not at all based on love or having a family. Weddings were also used to increase farm size. Their weddings were quite remarkable. Many now used customs originated in the Elizabethan period. Elizabethan weddings also used some customs that are not used now. For example, dowries were to be given to the husband. A dowry could be anything from property to money to cattle. The woman to be married became property of the man. The woman had very little say in who she was married to. It was often common to meet the new partner for the first time on the wedding day. Although it is a feature of Elizabethan weddings it tended to happen more of children from the nobility and upper classes. If they were lucky, a small painted picture would be sent over for approval. If they didn’t approve I am sure they would still have to be married to them anyway. So in conclusion weddings differ over time. Wedding still are also very solemn events at the church. We also have bachelor parties and bridal showers similar to how they did. A wedding was viewed as the most important day in your life. Elizabethan times were similar yet very different because of the customs.

Phonics Definition and Examples in English

Phonics Definition and Examples in English A method of teaching reading based on the sounds of letters, groups of letters, and syllables  is known as phonics. This method of teaching reading is commonly contrasted with whole language approaches, which emphasize learning whole words in meaningful contexts. During the 19th century, phonics was commonly used as a synonym for phonetics. In the 20th century, phonics acquired its present meaning as a method of teaching reading. In practice,  phonics  refers to several different but generally overlapping methods of instruction. Four of those methods are summarized below. Analytic(al) Phonics During the 1960s, numerous basal reading series included a manual outlining how to teach each story. The manual included a program for ​analytical phonics instruction that recommended that the teacher use known words and ask children to analyze the phonetic elements in these words. . . .Analytic phonics relies on readers knowing a large number of words at sight. Drawing from known sight words, teachers directed students to make inferences about the phonic relationships within words containing the same letter combinations. In other words, the student matched the sounds in a known word with the sounds in the new word (Walker, 2008). . . .However, in the 1960s, some reading programs differed from the mainstream basal readers that used analytic phonics. A few basal readers included instruction using linguistic units that had recurring patterns. The linguistic-phonics system used the idea that the English language had recurring written patterns that were systematic to develop their program.(Barbara J. Walker, History of Phonics Instruction. An Essential History of Current Reading Practices, ed. by Mary Jo Fresch. International Reading Association, 2008) Linguistic Phonics In linguistic phonics, beginning instruction usually focuses on the word patterns found in words like cat, rat, mat, and bat. These selected words are presented to the students. Children need to make generalizations about the short a sound by learning these words in print. Consequently, linguistic phonics lessons are based on decodable books that present repetitions of a single pattern (Mat saw a cat and a rat). . . . Linguistic phonics . . . is like analytic phonics in that it emphasizes word patterns rather than individual letter sounds. However, linguistic phonics is not typically espoused by top-down advocates, because it does not emphasize naturally occurring text.(Ann Maria Pazos Rago, The Alphabetic Principle, Phonics, and Spelling: Teaching Students the Code. Reading Assessment and Instruction for All Learners, ed. by Jeanne Shay Schumm. Guilford Press, 2006) Synthetic Phonics The sounding-out-and-blending approach to decoding is known as synthetic phonics. In a synthetic phonics program, students are taught to decode new words by retrieving from memory the sound that each letter, or combination of letters, in a word represents and blending the sounds into a recognizable word (National Reading Panel, 2000). It is a parts-to-whole approach (Strickland, 1998).(Irene W. Gaskins, Interventions to Develop Decoding Proficiencies. Handbook of Reading Disability Research, ed. by Richa Allington and Anne McGill-Franzen. Routledge, 2011) Embedded Phonics Embedded approaches to teaching  phonics involve students in learning phonics skills by reading authentic texts. This approach may be compared to whole language; however, embedded phonics involves planned skills taught within the context of authentic literature. Embedded phonics formed in response to the intense criticism experienced by the whole language movement, and highlights the role of phonics instructions within the context of authentic literature. (Mark-Kate Sableski, Phonics. Encyclopedia of Educational Reform and Dissent, ed. by Thomas C. Hunt, James Carper, Thomas J. Lasley, and C. Daniel Raisch. Sage, 2010) Summary In summary, deep and thorough knowledge of letters, spelling patterns, and words, and of the phonological translations of all three, are of inescapable importance to both skillful reading and its acquisition. By extension, instruction designed to develop childrens sensitivity to spellings and their reactions to pronunciations should be of paramount importance in the development of reading skills. This is, of course, precisely what is intended of good phonic instruction.(Marilyn Jager Adams, Beginning to Read: Thinking and Learning About Print. MIT Press, 1994)

Provide insights into how a chosen organisation in a specific PR Essay

Provide insights into how a chosen organisation in a specific PR sector focuses on building its corporate reputation - Essay Example of utmost excellence to meet the demands of the clients and ensure long-term growth in the company, the employees are also satisfied resulting in augmented corporate reputation (Edelman, 2014). Code of ethics and conduct: all employees at Edelman have a contract signed to show their commitment to maintaining the highest ethical standards both online and offline and when dealing with suppliers (Edelman, 2014). This ensures Edelman’s reverence by the population and enhances its corporate reputation. Legal obligations: the actions and responsibilities undertaken by people related and within the payroll of Edelman have a principle governing their actions ensuring they act within legal obligations. This non-violation of legal obligations allows the firms to have confidence from both suppliers and the customers increasing its corporate reputation. Integrity: Edelman takes responsibility for all the actions of the firm whether they result in positive or negative outcomes and collaborate with trustworthy firms according to all the stakeholders in the business. This ensures the firm’s corporate reputation is upheld and improved owing to the realization of high integrity the firm upholds in all its actions. Transparency and fair dealing: all the actions and undertakings of the business with their business and firms are made with high emphasis on transparency and fairness. This ensures the trust between the business and ability to conduct further business in the future with the need for the business to have knowledge of fair pricing and practices by Edelman. This rewards Edelman through augmented corporate reputation. Edelman’s vision and mission: Edelman ensures all the employees including the management are guided by a code of conduct, business practices, and the mission statement. Training is used to incorporate the vision and mission statement to the actions and practices of the employees in their duties. Experience: Edelman ensures the clients have an

Case analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Case analysis - Essay Example They were able to develop the Fiji Waters as a high profile drink as they sponsored golf tournaments, sports events and were even able to win endorsements in the movies. The drink that appeared to be exclusive is available in supermarkets and local stores and creates a notion that what is good for the rich and famous is also good for the majority. Green washing is a marketing strategy used by companies to mislead benefits of a product, service, technology, or company practice (Rouse, Margaret, Sept. 2007)). Companies engage in green washing to enhance product’s capabilities and mislead consumers on the true picture of the product for company’s gain. For example, the Fiji Waters â€Å"carbon negative† advertising campaign has been challenged in the US District Court to be misleading. I believe a claim is a green washing when there are many criticisms against it, and evidences or proofs are not rightly presented. The FIJI’s Water Negative campaign is not a green washing because it begins with a measurable target that proposes to offset more greenhouse emissions than were released by its operations and products. It is turning the positive harmful effects of its operations into something negative. Beginning 2008, it will reduce its land use and utilize renewable energy. It did not assume to maintain zero CO2, but rather `a reduction only. FIJI Waters hopes to reduce its CO2 emissions by 25%; 50% from renewable resources, and reducing wastes from production facility by 33%. FIJI Waters is conscious of its corporate social responsibility (CSR) and has done efforts to reduce damage to the environment. CSR is one way to be assured of the sustainability of long-range operations that will be beneficial to both the company and to the community. It is a head-turning marketing campaign that will also make people think of its environment. I am concerned that with the way underground water is cons umed,

The Euro Debt Crisis and Consequences for the Developing Nations Essay

The Euro Debt Crisis and Consequences for the Developing Nations - Essay Example As an important trading block, there is no doubt that effects have already been spread elsewhere, with the developing nations having a share of the crisis. Accordingly, the global growth momentum is projected to slow down by more than one percent between the year 2010 and 2012 (IMF 8). Unemployment within the Euro zone is degenerating and surging upwards. In fact, the UK has registered a new level high in 17 years. Growth prospects are not any better in the United States with the Senate blocking Obama’s jobs bill. The euro has lost substantial ground against the dollar, whereas the Chinese Yuan has been gaining ground, a fact that has prompted the US to threaten China with trade sanctions, unless they devalue their currency. Do the less developed nations have anything to worry concerning the Euro crisis? Through what transmission mechanism could the developing nations experience the Euro zone debt crisis effects? While Germany and the UK are taking the lead in steering the Eur o zone towards a complete makeover with seemingly harsh austerity measures, especially to countries believed to be the architects of the crisis, developing countries are yet to feel the pinch of the crisis. As witnessed in the degenerative effects of the global financial crisis, the less developed nations were not hit hard mostly due to their limited financial integration with the world economy. Even though the effects delayed mostly in African countries, trade ties, capital flows, tourism, remittances from abroad, and foreign aid among other channels eventually led to a significant slowdown in these economies. Just as it was with the global financial crisis, the euro debt crisis is likely to affect the less developed nation through three main transmis ­sion channels: financial networks, fiscal consolidation within the European nations currently struggling to overcome the crisis, and through the exchange rate. While the austerity measures as well the rescue package released that h as seen a combined effort of the IMF to that of the EU are timely and may be effective, it is very unlikely that the measures will offset the impact of the crisis on European economies within a record time frame as may be envisioned by many economists (Mhango par 1). From the fiscal measures that are already being adopted in unison, the possibility that the Europe nations are headed for a slow growth phase is very likely. The immediate and direct impacts of such measure are set to become more pronounced in trade links (Kandiero and Ndikumana par 4). As shown in the diagram below, it is evident that many developing nations, mostly Africans, are dependent on the European markets. The effects of European debt crisis could also reach the developing nations through sovereign risks, arising from the declines in tax revenues. This would potentially increase the costs of borrowing due to changes in risk premiums. In particular, those countries with high fiscal deficits are relatively expose d to the risk of re-pricing of risk premiums. Already the effects are being felt in certain countries that utterly depend on exports as income generating component of their economies. The crisis is slowly cutting down demand for exports from Africa. The effect that this has will translate in difficulties of these countries in maintaining planned levels off public expenditures including infrastructural

Crouching Tiger and Hidden Dragon Essay Example for Free

Crouching Tiger and Hidden Dragon Essay Among the films presented, what captures and awaken my interest was the film from Ann Hui entitled Crouching Tiger and Hidden Dragon. Somehow, it was portrayed very subtle in the few minutes of the filming, but at the end you will appreciate how it was orchestrated and letting message of the films came across to the mind of the viewers. The movie can be reflected also how the present vulnerability of some countries easily reckoned and entice by the overwhelming, numerous offers from the rich and powerful countries in exchange of something in their economy and future benefits. Then sooner or later their real intention of their acts slowly surface unveiling the shadow of hypocrites. I do appreciate much how the young and vibrant beautiful female villain in the movie depict her character of determination and patience in achieving her goal willing to gamble every thing she has in position. The female villain was willing to set whatever she has even her life was at stake for that cause of her just to fulfill the desire that stirred up her interest for her personal satisfaction and not after for the destruction of the many. Unfortunately, the fate of having that Green destiny sword was not meant for her to hold on forever for she was not the right one entrusted to look after the care of that green destiny sword. The very least she did, was trying to take the chance of having it. Thought she failed but you can not see in her face the expression of regrets. She have done her best to the best she can but maybe her best was not good enough and the fate of trying was not for the right time and responsibility to hold on that awesome destiny she ever dreamed of. The two characters that I fully appreciated to that young and vibrant villain named Jen Yu was so being energetic in pursuing her intention to have that sword and so cool that even a face of treacherous woman cannot be seen on her. But all of these Jen Yu adventures were a reflection of her mere fascination to the glamorous life of Yu Shu Lien. Believing that a woman can have so many adventures and achieving such freedom is a real marvelous for her. There we can consider also that it was her fascination for a great adventure and achieving such freedom that pushed her to commit such treachery in her in country. We can not even see any single history played along with the movie the reason why Jen Yu should be doing that kind of stuff. Though there are some influences she received from that witched type kind of a master, but we can see it clearly that she was really using her brain in a proper perspective. I really consider that Jen Yu was just using that witched type female master she clings to every time she has some chaos facing with. She was even more tricky compare to her lady master. But destiny did not fell at her hands for it was not intended to be. The least thing she did, was trying her luck on that great adventure of her. While on the other hand, Li Mu Bai, who were on the verge of his own quest of finding the missing sword, the Green Destiny who Li Mu Bai believed that finding it the said sword will open an avenue of knowing the real reason of his Master’s death. Li Mu Bai life was made colorful in the story due to Jen Yu’s presence in the said filming. It was Jen Yu’s character that made the story of Li Mu Bai more interesting and captivating. A little glimpse from the shadow of Jen Yu made Li Mu Bai shine clearly and made it more convincing to believed that such story as that still exist and continue to exist as long as it calls for someone to defend for the truth and righteousness against those people who had bested interest and willing to undermine the welfare of the many. To the question of how the story being orchestrated into the minds of the viewers, well, cinematography did it vividly. The venue of the filming was so simple and environmental yet it helped to make the story essence convey the message across to the minds of the viewers. The setting was so fit for the story because of the title that made it easily to connect with the settings itself of the story. Generally, though the story includes some furious fighting stands using their trademark artistry in handling a sword, still you can sense the compassion that goes with it. There was even a time when Li Mu Bai path came across with Jen Yu there were instance of chance giving Li Mu Bai to kill Jen Yu. But something holds on to him that reached at the back of his mind about the real motive, personality of the villain. Until such time, confession of the real scenario took place when the two characters met each other for a final encounter to fulfill their individual destiny that would dictate their fate in their future existence of the story. Just like us individual who has our own destiny to fulfill and keep continue to fight for it daily all in the name of personal gratification, satisfaction and survival. Nevertheless, we have to remember always that it is not what we have in position neither those people surrounding us and the potentials that we have that keeps us winning from the race. But it is by a having a big HEART of patience, determination and Humility.

Buddhism and Suicide :: essays research papers fc

Thesis: Bibliography on Buddhist Ethics http://jbe.gold.ac.uk/7/harvey001.html#suicide Incoporate western philoosophy? Western ethics? First part- Bacvkground on Buddhist doctrine concerning suicide 1. No Buddhist Should Commit Suicide The Milindapanha 98. from the Vinaya Pitaka section on the Order. Warren, Henry Clarke. Buddhism in Translations. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Ltd. (1995). King Nagasena explains why a buddhist (priest) may not kill himself. He claims that the world needs Buddhists to spread understanding and enlightenment (Boddhisatva way). 2. Breaking the third paaraajika (Moral Precept) on Taking Life especially in human form (manussaviggaha) is the most serious offense that a Buddhist monk may commit (although just as serious in the Pa~ncasiila or Five Precepts for laymen). Results in expulsion from the monastic community. In his Samantapaasaadikaa commentary, Buddhaghosa sets out to clarify the legal provisions of the precept. He discusses a variety of cases, real and hypothetical, where death ensues, and endeavors to clarify the legal requirements for a breach of the precept to have taken place. The central legal concepts involved in Buddhaghosa's discussion are those of method, intention, and agency. The sources themselves make a distinction between pa.n.natti-vajja -- or what is prohibited by the Vinaya (for example, eating after midday) -- and what is lokavajja, or regarded as immoral by the world at large outside the cloister (for example, killing, stealing, and lying). Keown, Damien. â€Å"Attitudes to Euthanasia in the Vinaya and Commentary.† Journal of Buddhist Ethics. http://jbe.gold.ac.uk/6/keown993.htm Suicide and Assisted Suicide, incitement of suicide are all condememned by Buddha in the Vinaya. Apart from respect for autonomy, a second consideration sometimes advanced in support of euthanasia is compassion. Compassion is of great importance in Buddhism, particularly when linked to the notion of the bodhisattva. Some later sources reveal an increasing awareness of how a commitment to the alleviation of suffering on the part of a bodhisattva can create a conflict with the principle of the inviolability of life. Compassion, for example, might lead one to take life in order to alleviate suffering, and indeed this is the second main ground on which euthanasia is advocated today. Despite their benevolent motive, namely that a terminal patient should be spared unnecessary pain, the judgement was that those involved were guilty of a breach of the precept. According to Buddhaghosa, the essence of their wrongdoing was that the guilty monks made death their aim (mara.naatthika). This suggests that to make death one's aim, to will death, and a fortiori to embark on any course with death as one's purpose, goal or outcome, regardless of how benevolent the motive, is immoral from a Buddhist perspective.

Knowledge vs. Experience Essay

The famous Indian philosopher J. Krishnamurti once said, â€Å"There is no end to education. It is not that you read a book, pass an examination, and finish with education. The whole of life, from the moment you are born to the moment you die, is a process of learning.† (whale.to/a/krishnamurti) Krishnamurti is addressing learning as a process in which an individual tries to gain certain knowledge for predestined purposes. He clearly believes that rote memorization is inferior to learning from experiences. Academic knowledge through textbooks can teach individuals theories about life. Life, however, deviates from theory frequently. The only way individuals are going to know about these deviations is when they experience the struggles and fruits of life on their own. [Similarly, in this compelling novel by Herman Hesse, Siddhartha learns that enlightenment cannot be reached through his 7 teachers because it cannot be instilled in an individual’s mind -enlightenment comes from the inner self and through the experiences in which one must obtain wisdom from.] he said it can be a little better In the opening of the novel, Siddhartha is influenced by outside teachings in his search for enlightment. His father and his associated community ideally want him to become a successful Brahmin, instead of joining the Samanas. Everyone else around him still has not reached enlightenment, and Siddhartha feels that residing with them will increase his curiosity regarding his presence in life.(Siddhartha to himself) [â€Å"He had begun to suspect that his worthy father and his other teachers, the wise Brahmins, had already passed on to him the bulk of their wisdom†¦ his soul was not at peace.† (3)] Siddhartha craves to better acknowledge the innermost essence of self and its connection to the world in a society. The knowledge passed on to him however does not explain this, which is why Siddhartha speculates the origins of the world and his place in it. When Siddhartha departs on his journey to achieve nirvana, he joins the Samanas and accustoms quickly to their lifestyle because of the endurance and discipline he learned in the Brahmin rituals. He learns how to free himself from the materialistic world he was living in, losing his desire for ownership and apparel. However Siddhartha is still unsatisfied. The path of self-denial does not provide an established solution for Siddhartha. He comes to the realization which is this: the Samanas have been just as unsuccessful as the previous guidance he has encountered. Siddhartha’s thirst for knowledge has only increased, as he tells his good friend, â€Å"I suffer thirst, Govinda, and on this long Samana path my thirst has not grown less†¦I have always thirsted for knowledge.† (15) Siddhartha is still curious, thus Govinda convinces him that they both should leave the Samanas and seek out the Buddha. During Siddhartha’s quest for enlightment, he and Govinda are looking for Gotama’s whereabouts. As they are taken in, Siddhartha is informed about a teaching called the Eightfold Path and the four main points in order to achieve the permanent solution of abstaining from the pleasures of the world. However, while Govinda is entirely influenced by these teachings, Siddhartha is still not satisfied. (Gotama to Sid dhartha) [â€Å"The teaching which you have heard†¦is not to explain the world to those who are thirsty for knowledge†¦its goal is salvation from the suffering.†(27)] Siddhartha is still unsatisfied, and desires to comprehend the meaning of life’s purpose in the world in an accomplished way. Like the Samanas, Buddha’s followers escape from reality without connecting to it. Most importantly, Siddhartha feels that he cannot achieve enlightment from an external source such as a teacher. He reasons that in order to reach enlightenment, one must learn only through experience and teachings by other mentors. Wisdom is gained through experience, while knowledge is taught. This is the reason he cannot accept Buddha’s teachings. At this point of the novel, Siddhartha knows he will have to depart his good friend behind to begin a search for the meaning of life which will be based on experience, rather than religious teachings. Siddhartha determines to set out on a life abstaining from meditation and to instead enter the material world to explore the physical pleasures of his body. In this new world of his, Siddhartha encounters a friendly ferryman, living his free life to its fullest. After crossing the ferryman’s river, he arrives to a city where a beautiful m istress named Kamala mesmerizes him. He believes she would be the most worthy one to teach him about the physical aspects of love, but Kamala will only instruct him until he proves he can fit into the materialistic world. With her guidance, Siddhartha takes up the path of the merchant and engages in business with a man named Kamaswami who taught him how to trade. While Siddhartha achieves the wisdom of the business world and experiences how to do business in the material world, Kamala becomes his lover and teaches him about every physical aspect of love. [â€Å"She taught him that lovers should not separate from each other after making love†¦so that no feeling of desolation arise nor the horrid feeling of misusing† (54)] Siddhartha renounces the spiritual path and exchanges the search for Atman to experience physical pleasures. However, Siddhartha and Kamala are both incapable to give and receive real love at this stage in the novel. Siddhartha has eliminated himself from the world completely and is not influenced by what the world has to offer him. Since both these external guides are unable to teach him wisdom, he knows he must now achieve wisdom on his own. This consciousness itself comes from his inner self. Siddhartha starts his path to seek enlightenment leaving the Brahmins, the Samanas, Gotama, and the material world becau se he feels unhappy with himself. As Siddhartha leaves the corrupted material world, he approaches a river and considers what direction his life has taken him. Ironically, the same ferryman whom he met years before introduces himself with the identity as Vasudeva. Siddhartha senses inner peace and wisdom within this man, and motivates him to obtain it as well. Eventually Siddhartha resides and works with Vasudeva until he comes to know his son was born. With his son, Siddhartha finally experiences love, but since love is a connection to the world, it threatens to distract Siddhartha from his search for enlightenment. It’s not until now when Siddhartha has gained wisdom on his own without any materialistic influences, therefore the love he expresses for his son becomes a test of this wisdom. (Siddhartha to himself) [â€Å"It is a good thing to experience everything oneself†¦as a child I learned that pleasures of the world and riches were not good†¦ but I have only just experienced it now†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (80) ]Siddhartha implies that the Buddha’s teachings or any source of external guidance do not make one enlightened; they only transfer knowledge to the society around them. Siddhartha is aware enlightenment can only be reached if he will be able to accept love, and as difficult as it might be, to even achieve Nirvana. Successfully, Kamala and his son influenced him heavily and because of them, Siddhartha learned and experienced how to love the world and accept it as a whole. Siddhartha encounters many teachers of wisdom during his journey, but each fails to lead him to his goal: to seek enlightenment. The ferryman however, is successful and shows Siddhartha how to find enlightenment within him by blocking out all exterior guidance. [Vasudeva will not simply tell Siddhartha what he should know like the others, but a guide who will lead him where he wishes to go.] After leaving the material world, Siddhartha seeks for knowledge from the river he crossed and Vasudeva guides Siddhartha to listen to it for a better understanding of what the river communicates. Vasudeva does not tell Siddhartha what the river will say, but when Siddhartha discloses what the river has expressed to him, Vasudeva clearly admits that he too has received the same wisdom on his own. Now, Siddhartha realizes that he himself becomes the ferryman after reaching enlightenment. (Siddhartha speaking to himself) [ â€Å"The river is everywhere at the same time†¦ Siddhartha the boy, Siddhartha the mature man, and Siddhartha the old man [are] only separated by shadows, not through reality.† (87)] The river is compared to Siddhartha as it is considered continuous but yet always altering within, deeper below the body of water. Siddhartha now belongs to everything surrounding him instead of being classified to a particular group. At the end of the novel, Govinda returns to the river, still seeking enlightenment, and asks Siddhartha to teach him what he has learned. Siddhartha explains that neither he nor any other individual can teach the wisdom to Govinda, because spoken explanations are definite and can never communicate enlightenment as a whole. (Siddhartha to Govinda)[â€Å"When someone is seeking †¦he is unable to find anything†¦because he is obsessed with his goal.† (113) ] Govinda is confused just like he was when they met near the river after Siddhartha had considered suicide. This means he still does not understand the meaning of life because he hasn’t experienced the world, remaining a follower to Buddha. Therefore, Siddhartha’s ultimate attainment of Nirvana does not come from external guidance communicating the wisdom to him, but instead by experiencing an internal connection with the river, which encompasses the whole universe.

French needs to be translated from English to French ASAP

Indochine is the name of the film. The film takes place in the 1930s. (when Vietnam was owned by France) The film is historical, and very dramatic. There are three maln people. There is a woman named Eliane Devries. There is a vietnamese girl named Camille. There Is a young man named Jean-Baptise. Ellane adopted Camille when Camille was very young. The film has a lot of themes. In my opinion the relationship with Elaine and Camille Is supposed to be symbolic of the relatlonshlp between France and French Indo-China.Also, at the core of this story is the theme of unity and oing things for the greater good. People who watch the film can see how individuals working as a unit can alter the course of history. Not only Is there an overall theme In the movie, but there are themes for each individual character. Madame Devries owns and operates a large rubber plantation In Indochina that employs many indentured laborers. Eliane is not married. Eliane raises Camille as her own daughter.She adop ted Camille as a young child, after her parents were killed in a car crash. Eliane lives with her father. She sees herself as an Asian, born n her father's estates, never having been to France, but the Vietnamese see her somewhat differently. Ellane considers Indo-chlna as much her home as It Is for the anonymous laborers who work on her plantation. She Is not cruel, but she is tough and treats the local workers like second class citizens. In my opnion the character of Madame Ellane Devries has three main themes.First, I feel like her character symbolizes the French colonialists through out the film. she a powerful woman. she also has power over tons of Vietnamese people. Her character is the most powerful one in the film. Second, I think that Eliane has a lot of weaknesses. She falls in love with the wrong man, Jean-Baptiste. He left the relationship because he was In love with her daughter. She also has an addiction to opium. Often seeking solace in somking a pipe. After doing res earch I learned the story behind her demeanure. he Is forsty and beautiful Ilke the statue of Marianne, the official symbol of the French Republic. This is also more proof in my theory of her representing

Malcolm X, Black Nationalist and Civil Rights Activist

Malcolm X, Black Nationalist and Civil Rights Activist Malcolm X (May 19, 1925–February 21, 1965) was a prominent figure during the Civil Rights era. Offering an alternative view to the mainstream Civil Rights movement, Malcolm X advocated for both the establishment of a separate black community (rather than integration) and the use of violence in self-defense (rather than non-violence). His forceful, uncompromising belief in the evils of the white man frightened the white community. After Malcolm X left the black Muslim Nation of Islam organization, for which he had been both a spokesperson and a leader, his views toward white people softened, but his core message of black pride endured. After Malcolm X was assassinated in 1965, his autobiography continued to spread his thoughts and passion. Fast Facts: Malcolm X Known For: Major figure in the African American Civil Rights movementAlso Known As: el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz, Malcolm LittleBorn: May 19, 1925 in Omaha, NebraskaParents: Rev. Earl Little, Louise LittleDied: February 21, 1965 in New York, New YorkEducation: Through grade eightPublished Works: The Autobiography of Malcolm  XAwards and Honors:  Multiple historic markers and plaques; streets and schools named in his honor; stamp produced with his likenessSpouse: Betty SandersChildren: Attallah, Qubilah, Ilyasah, Gamilah, Malikah, MalaaknNotable Quote: â€Å"The white man is afraid of truth†¦ I’m the only black man they’ve ever been close to who they know speaks the truth to them. Its their guilt that upsets them, not me.† Early Life of Malcolm X Malcolm X was born as Malcolm Little in Omaha, Nebraska to Earl and Louise Little (neà © Norton). Earl was a Baptist minister and also worked for Marcus Garveys Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), a pan-African movement in the 1920s. Louise, who had grown up in Grenada, was Earls second wife. Malcolm was the fourth of the six children Louise and Earl shared. (Earl also had three children from his first marriage.) As a kid, Malcolm would often attend UNIA meetings with his father, who was president of the Omaha chapter at one point, absorbing Garveys argument that the African-American community had the tools and resources to blossom without dependence on the white man. Earl Little challenged the social standards of the time. When he began to attract the attention of the Ku Klux Klan, he moved his family to a white neighborhood in Lansing, Michigan. Neighbors protested. On November 8, 1929, a group of white supremacists known as the Black Legion set fire to the Littles home with Malcolm and his family inside. Luckily, the Littles managed to escape but then watched their house burn to the ground while firemen did nothing to put out the flames. Despite the seriousness of the threats against him, Earl did not let intimidation silence his beliefs- and this almost certainly cost him his life. Malcolm X’s Father Is Murdered While the details of his death remain uncertain, what is known is that Earl was murdered on September 28, 1931 (Malcolm was only 6 years old). Earl had been savagely beaten and then left on trolley tracks, where he was run over by a trolley. Although those responsible were never found, the Littles always believed the Black Legion was responsible. Realizing he was likely to meet a violent end, Earl had purchased life insurance; however, the life insurance company ruled his death a suicide and refused to pay. These events plunged Malcolms family into poverty. Louise tried to work, but this was during the Great Depression and there weren’t many jobs for the widow of a black activist. Welfare was available, but Louise didn’t want to take charity. Things were tough in the Little home. There were six children and very little money or food. The strain of taking care of everyone by herself started to take its toll on Louise and by 1937, she was showing signs of becoming mentally ill. In January 1939, Louise was committed to the State Mental Hospital in Kalamazoo, Michigan. Malcolm and his siblings were divided up. Malcolm was one of the first to go, even before his mother was institutionalized. In October 1938, 13-year-old Malcolm was sent to a foster home, which was soon followed by a detention home. Despite his unstable home life, Malcolm was a success at school. Unlike the other kids at the detention home who were sent to a reform school, Malcolm was allowed to attend Mason Junior High School, the only regular junior high in town. While at junior high, Malcolm earned top grades even against his white classmates. However, when a white teacher told Malcolm that he couldn’t become a lawyer but should instead consider becoming a carpenter, Malcolm was so disturbed by the comment that he began withdrawing from those around him. When Malcolm met his half-sister Ella for the first time, he was ready for a change. Drugs and Crime Ella was a confident, successful young woman living in Boston at the time. When Malcolm asked to go live with her, she agreed. In 1941, having just finished the eighth grade, Malcolm moved from Lansing to Boston. While exploring the city, he befriended a hustler named â€Å"Shorty† Jarvis, who also happened to come from Lansing. Shorty got Malcolm a job shining shoes at the Roseland Ballroom, where top bands of the day played. Malcolm soon learned that his customers also hoped he could supply them with marijuana. It wasn’t long before Malcolm was selling drugs as well as shining shoes. He also personally started to smoke cigarettes, drink liquor, gamble, and do drugs. Dressing in zoot suits and â€Å"conking† (straightening) his hair, Malcolm loved the fast life. He then moved to Harlem in New York and began getting involved in petty crimes and selling drugs. Soon, Malcolm himself developed a drug habit (cocaine) and his criminal behavior escalated. After several run-ins with the law, Malcolm was arrested in February 1946 for burglary and sentenced to 10 years in prison. He was sent to the Charlestown State Prison in Boston. Prison Time and the Nation of Islam In late 1948, Malcolm was transferred to the Norfolk, Massachusetts Prison Colony. It was there that Malcolms brother Reginald introduced him to the Nation of Islam (NOI). Originally founded in 1930 by Wallace D. Fard, the Nation of Islam was a black Muslim organization that believed blacks were inherently superior to whites and predicted the destruction of the white race. After Fard mysteriously disappeared in 1934, Elijah Muhammad took over the organization, calling himself the â€Å"Messenger of Allah.† Malcolm believed in what his brother Reginald told him. Through personal visits and many letters from Malcolm’s siblings, Malcolm began to learn more about the NOI. Using Norfolk Prison Colony’s extensive library, Malcolm rediscovered education and began reading extensively. With his ever increasing knowledge, Malcolm began writing to Elijah Muhammad daily. By 1949, Malcolm had converted to the NOI, which required purity of body- eliminating Malcolms drug habit. In 1952, Malcolm emerged from prison a devoted follower of the NOI and a proficient writer, two essential factors in changing his life. Becoming an Activist Once out of prison, Malcolm moved to Detroit and began recruiting for the NOI. Elijah Muhammad, the leader of the NOI, became Malcolms mentor and hero, filling the void Earls death had left. In 1953, Malcolm adopted the NOI’s tradition of replacing one’s last name (which was thought to have been forced upon an ancestor by their white slave-owner) with the letter X, a reference to the unknown heritage complicating African-American identity. Charismatic and passionate, Malcolm X rose quickly in the NOI, becoming the minister of the groups Temple Seven in Harlem in June 1954. Malcolm X simultaneously was becoming an accomplished journalist; he wrote for several publications before he founded the NOIs newspaper, Muhammad Speaks. While working as the minister of Temple Seven, Malcolm X noticed that a young nurse named Betty Sanders had started attending his lectures. Without ever having gone on an individual date, Malcolm and Betty got married on January 14, 1958. The couple went on to have six daughters; the last two were twins who were born after Malcolm X’s assassination. America Encounters Malcolm X Malcolm X soon became a visible figure in the NOI, but it was the wonder of television that brought him national attention. When CBS aired the documentary Nation of Islam: The Hate That Hate Produced, in July of 1959, Malcolm Xs dynamic speech and obvious charm reached a national audience. Malcolm Xs radical claims of black superiority and refusal to accept non-violent strategies got him interviews across the social spectrum. Malcolm X had become a national figure and the de facto face of the NOI. While Malcolm X became well-known, he was not necessarily liked. His views unsettled much of America. Many in the white community feared that Malcolm Xs doctrine would incite mass violence against whites. Many in the black community were concerned that Malcolm X’s militancy would destroy the growing effectiveness of the non-violent, mainstream Civil Rights Movement. Malcolm X’s newfound fame also attracted the attention of the FBI, which soon began tapping his phone over concerns that some kind of racially based revolution was brewing. Malcolm Xs meetings with Cuban Communist leader Fidel Castro did little to alleviate these fears. Trouble Within the NOI By 1961, Malcolm Xs meteoric rise within the organization as well as his new celebrity status had become a problem within the NOI. Simply stated, other ministers and members of the NOI had become jealous. Many began insinuating that Malcolm X was financially profiting from his position and that he intended to take over the NOI from Muhammad. This jealousy and envy bothered Malcolm X, but he tried to put it out of his mind. In 1962, rumors about improprieties by Muhammad began to reach Malcolm X. To Malcolm X, Muhammad was not only a spiritual leader but also a moral example for all to follow. It was this moral example that had helped Malcolm X escape his drug addiction and keep him abstinent for 12 years (from the time of his prison sentence to his marriage). Thus, when it became obvious that Muhammad had engaged in immoral behavior, including fathering four illegitimate children, Malcolm X was devastated by his mentors deception. Things Get Worse After President John F. Kennedy was assassinated on November 22, 1963, Malcolm X, never one to shy away from conflict, publicly interpreted the event as the chickens coming home to roost. Malcolm X claimed that he meant the feelings of hate within America were so great that they had spilled over from the conflict between black and white and ended up causing the killing of the president. However, his comments were interpreted as support for the death of the  beloved Kennedy, a Democrat from Massachusetts. Muhammad, who had specifically ordered all his ministers to remain silent regarding Kennedy’s assassination, was very unhappy over the negative publicity. As punishment, Muhammad ordered Malcolm X to be â€Å"silenced† for 90 days. Malcolm X accepted this punishment, but he soon discovered that Muhammad intended to push him out of the NOI. In March 1964, the internal and external pressure became too much and Malcolm X announced that he was leaving the Nation of Islam, an organization he had worked so hard to grow. Returning to Islam After leaving the NOI in 1964, Malcolm decided to found his own religious organization, Muslim Mosque, Inc. (MMI), which catered to former NOI members. Malcolm X turned to traditional Islam to inform his path. In April 1964, he began a pilgrimage (or hajj) to Mecca in Saudi Arabia. While in the Middle East, Malcolm X was amazed by the diversity of complexions represented there. Even before returning home, he began to rethink his earlier divisive positions and decided to prioritize faith over skin color. Malcolm X symbolized this shift by changing his name once again, becoming El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz. Malcolm X then toured Africa, where the early influence of Marcus Garvey reemerged. In May 1964, Malcolm X began his own pan-African movement with the Organization of Afro-American Unity (OAAU), a secular organization that advocated for human rights for all those of African descent. As head of the OAAU, Malcolm X met with world leaders to forward this mission, generating a far more diverse following than the NOI. Whereas once he had shunned all of white society, he now encouraged interested whites to teach about oppression. Running both the MMI and the OAAU exhausted Malcolm, but both spoke to passions that defined him- faith and advocacy. Death Malcolm Xs philosophies had changed dramatically, bringing him more in line with the mainstream Civil Rights movement. However, he still had enemies. Many in the NOI felt he had betrayed the movement when he publicly discussed Muhammads adultery. On February 14, 1965, Malcolm Xs New York home was firebombed. He believed the NOI was responsible. Still ever defiant, Malcolm X did not let this attack interrupt his schedule. He traveled to Selma, Alabama and returned to New York for a speaking engagement at the Audubon Ballroom in Harlem on February 21, 1965. This was Malcolm Xs last speech. Once Malcolm was at the podium, a commotion in the middle of the crowd drew attention. While everyone was focused on the commotion, Talmadge Hayer and two other NOI members stood up and shot Malcolm X. Fifteen bullets hit their target, killing Malcolm X. He was dead before he reached the hospital. The chaos that broke out at the scene spilled into the streets of Harlem as mob violence and the firebombing of a Black Muslim mosque followed. Malcolms critics, including Elijah Muhammad, maintained that he died by the very violence he defended in his early career. Talmadge Hayer was arrested at the scene and two other men were taken into custody shortly after. All three would be convicted of the murder; however, many believe the other two men were not guilty. Many questions remain about the assassination; specifically, who really carried out the shooting and who ordered the assassination in the first place? Legacy In the month prior to his death, Malcolm X had been dictating his biography to noted African-American author Alex Haley. The Autobiography of Malcolm X was published in 1965, just months after Malcolm Xs murder. Through his autobiography, Malcolm X’s powerful voice continued to inspire the black community to advocate for their rights. The Black Panthers, for example, used Malcolm X’s teachings to found their own organization in 1966. Today, Malcolm X remains one of the more controversial figures of the Civil Rights era. He is generally respected for his passionate demand for change in one of historys most trying (and deadly) times for black leaders. Sources The Autobiography of Malcolm  X. With the assistance of Alex Haley. New York: Grove Press, 1965. Mamiya, Lawrence. XMalcom. Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 1 February 2019. Remnick, David. â€Å"This American Life: The making and remaking of Malcolm X.† The New Yorker, The New Yorker, 19 June 2017.